Asthma, a chronic lung condition, is unfortunately widespread, especially among children. According to the GBDR 2019 report, India carries a heavy burden with over 34 million cases and a disproportionately high number of asthma-related deaths, despite having only 13% of the global cases. This underscores the urgent need for improved management strategies.
Every year, on the first Tuesday of May, World Asthma Day is observed globally. In 2024, the theme, “Asthma Education Empowers,” set by GINA, emphasizes the importance of educating individuals about managing their condition and seeking timely medical help.
Here are some important facts about asthma:
What is asthma?
Asthma is a chronic lung disease that affects the airways, causing inflammation and swelling, making breathing difficult.
What are the common symptoms?
Symptoms of asthma include a dry cough, wheezing, shortness of breath, and chest tightness. These symptoms are usually recurrent, worse at night or during exercise, and can be relieved with bronchodilators.
Who is most affected?
Asthma affects people across all demographics, often starting in early childhood. In India, around 25% of children experience symptoms, with boys being more affected, often showing symptoms before the age of six.
What causes asthma?
The causes of asthma are complex, involving both genetic and environmental factors. It is often associated with other allergic conditions and respiratory viruses like RSV, as well as irritants such as tobacco smoke, air pollution, and workplace allergens.
What are asthma triggers?
Triggers like dust mites, smoke, pet dander, air pollution, pollen, certain foods, and emotional stress can worsen asthma symptoms.
Key Issues in Asthma Management
When to seek medical assistance?
Consult a physician if asthma symptoms recur frequently, limiting physical activity or causing school absenteeism. Prompt medical attention is necessary during severe asthma attacks.
What are the treatment options?
Treatment options include oral medications, inhalers, or injectables. Inhalation therapy, particularly with preventers and relievers, is the cornerstone of asthma management in children.
Which inhalers to choose?
Metered dose inhalers (MDIs) with spacers are preferred for their ease of use and portability. Proper training on inhaler use is essential for effective treatment.
Are inhalers safe?
Inhaled medications are the preferred choice for asthma management, as they deliver medication directly to the lungs with minimal side effects. They are not habit-forming and can be safely used for long-term management.
Alternative therapies
While Ayurveda and homeopathy lack evidence, practices like yoga, maintaining a balanced diet, and breathing exercises can complement traditional asthma management. However, fish therapy is not recommended.
Exercise
Regular exercise, coupled with proper medication use, is beneficial for children with asthma and should not be restricted. Controller and reliever therapy effectively manage exercise-induced symptoms.
