In Long Beach, California, the City Council took action on Tuesday to approve a local public health emergency order in response to a recent tuberculosis outbreak that has affected numerous individuals. The outbreak has been traced back to a single-room occupancy hotel, which typically serves as affordable housing for those with low incomes.
According to the city’s public information office, as of April 29, there have been 14 confirmed cases of tuberculosis, with approximately 170 people potentially exposed to the disease. Tragically, one person has already succumbed to the illness, while nine others have required hospitalization.
What exactly is tuberculosis (TB)? It’s caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, as outlined by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). While the lungs are the primary target, TB can also affect other organs such as the kidneys, spine, and brain.
Notably, not everyone who carries the TB bacteria becomes ill. There are two main conditions associated with TB: latent TB infection and TB disease. Latent TB infection means a person has the bacteria but doesn’t feel unwell or exhibit symptoms; they also can’t spread the disease to others. On the other hand, TB disease manifests with symptoms like chest pain, coughing up blood, fatigue, fever, and weight loss, and individuals with this form of TB can transmit the bacteria to others.
How does TB spread? When someone with TB disease coughs, sneezes, or even speaks, the bacteria can be released into the air, where they can be inhaled by others. However, it’s crucial to note that TB isn’t transmitted through casual contact like shaking hands or sharing food. The primary mode of transmission is through prolonged exposure to someone with active TB.
Treatment options for TB vary and typically involve a course of antibiotics lasting from four to nine months, depending on the severity of the disease. Health care providers may adjust the treatment plan based on other medical conditions a patient may have, such as diabetes or HIV.
For those with latent TB infections, it’s essential to consult a healthcare provider to determine the appropriate course of action.
